Marion Gilchrist |
The date was the 21st of December 1908, Marion
Gilchrist was a wealthy 81 year old woman living alone in a flat at 15 Queens
Terrance, West Princes Street, in Glasgow’s West End. In the flat directly
below that of Miss Gilchrist lived a family by the name of Adams, on the
evening of the 21st they heard a thud from emanating from the flat above
followed by the sound of three distinct knocks. Miss Gilchrist was reportedly
terrified at the thought of being burgled and had established a system whereby
if she ever needed help from the Adams she would knock down to them. The Adams understandably assumed this to be
the signal and decided to check on Miss Gilchrist, they found the close door open,
when it was usually closed, but continued up to Marion Gilchrist’s second floor
flat and rang the bell. There was no reply and no sound from inside the flat
although Mr Adams could see by looking through one of the class panels on the
door that the gas lamp in the hall was lit. He rang the bell once more. At this
point Adam reports that he heard a sound he took to be that of someone cutting
sticks, assuming this to be Miss Gilchrist’s servant, Nellie Lambie, he
returned to his own home. He reporting his impressions to his sister, who was certain
that something was definitely wrong in the upstairs apartment, and demanded that Adams return once more and
have another look. Dutifully Adams returned to the Gilchrist flat and rang the
doorbell once more, the cutting sound has stopped and all was silence until
Adams heard the sound of footsteps advancing up the close stairs behind him, on
turning round he discovered these to be those of Miss Gilchrist’s servant
Nellie who he has supposed to be cutting wood inside.
West Princes Street today, formerly Queens Terrace |
After explaining his concerns to the servant, Nellie
answered that the chopping sound was most likely only the pulley in the kitchen
which needed greased. She unlocked the door and both she and Adams entered the
lobby which was dimly lit by a gas lamp. As Nellie approached the kitchen to
check on the pulley a man suddenly appeared out of the bedroom doorway and
approached Adams as if he was about to speak to him before walking past him
instead and out of the flat door and disappearing down the stairs. Adams
reported that the man wore a light overcoat and appeared to be a gentleman,
Nellie appeared unmoved by this sudden apparition so Adams assumed that she
must know this strange man. Once it was discovered that there was no problem
with the pulley the pair began searching the apartment for Miss Gilchrist. On
entering the dining room Nellie screamed, Miss Gilchrist was lying in front of
the fireplace with a rug thrown over her head, the rug was saturated with
blood. Adams immediately decided to pursue the strange man who had so calmly fled
the scene, running out onto West Princes Street toward St George’s Road but
there was no sign of the mysterious gentleman.
Marion Gilchrist's home as it looks today |
Adams returned to Miss Gilchrist’s flat where Nellie had
summoned a policeman, on viewing the body of Marion Gilchrist once more they
discovered that she had been savagely beaten about the head with a bloodstained
chair that lay by her side but appeared to still be breathing. Adams ran across
the street to fetch a doctor, but Marion Gilchrist was pronounced dead on his
return. Detectives arrived on the scene and conducted a search of the house. In
the spare bedroom they found a gas lamp lit which Nellie swore had not been lit
when she left the house just before 7 o clock. She had gone to collect a copy
of the Evening Times for her mistress and has been out of the house for only 10
minutes. On the table below the gas lamp was one spent match and a box of
Runaway matches, which Nellie claims she had never seen before. Also on this
table was a wooden casket, a gold watch and chain, and a tray of jewellery. The
casket had been smashed open and papers strew all over the floor. Nellie was
asked if anything was missing and replied that a diamond crescent brooch was
gone. A note was put out to all pawn shops to watch out for the brooch and a
description of the strange man was circulated, he was described as ‘a man
between 25 and 30 years of age, 5 8’ to 5 9’ in height with a slim build, dark
hair, clean shaven, wearing a light grey overcoat and a dark cloth cap.’
The murder of Marion Gilchrist shook Glasgow. That a respectable 81 year old woman should be murdered in her West End flat in the ten minutes her maid left to collect a newspaper seemed unbelievable and a media frenzy ensued with increasing criticism of the actions of the police and a mounting pressure on the to solve the case quickly. With few leads and no sighting of the mystery assailant the police were begging to lose hope when a 14yr old girl named Mary Barrowman came forward to say she had been walking West Princes Street at about 10 past 7 on the night Miss Gilhrist has been murdered and had seen a man rush from Gilchrist’s close and dash along the street bumping in to Mary in the process. Mary was able to give a much fuller description of the man than either Nellie or Adams had provided. Her description differed so much from Adams’ description that the police decided that there must be two men involved in the crime.
The murder of Marion Gilchrist shook Glasgow. That a respectable 81 year old woman should be murdered in her West End flat in the ten minutes her maid left to collect a newspaper seemed unbelievable and a media frenzy ensued with increasing criticism of the actions of the police and a mounting pressure on the to solve the case quickly. With few leads and no sighting of the mystery assailant the police were begging to lose hope when a 14yr old girl named Mary Barrowman came forward to say she had been walking West Princes Street at about 10 past 7 on the night Miss Gilhrist has been murdered and had seen a man rush from Gilchrist’s close and dash along the street bumping in to Mary in the process. Mary was able to give a much fuller description of the man than either Nellie or Adams had provided. Her description differed so much from Adams’ description that the police decided that there must be two men involved in the crime.
Mary Barton’s description of this ‘second man’ was at
follows: he was 28 – 30 years old, tall and thin, clean shaven with a nose
turned slightly to one side wearing a fawn coloured overcoat, dark trousers and
a tweed cloth cap. Soon after this description was published in the press the
police were approached by a bicycle dealer named Allan McLean. McLean told the
police that he was a member of a gambling club called The Sloper Club on India
Street, and that a fellow member, a German Jew named Oscar Slater had been
trying to sell a pawn ticket for a diamond crescent brooch matching the
description of the one stolen from Marion Gilchrist’s apartment.
Oscar Slater right |
On arriving at the address of Oscar Slater at 69 St Georges
Rd they found that Slater had left, along with his mistress, that very day for
Liverpool and then caught a ship, the Lusitania, bound for New York under the
false names of Mr and Mrs Otto Sando. Suspicious of this the sudden departure,
police traced Slater’s pawn ticket for the diamond brooch only to find that it
was not in the least like the one stolen from Marion Gilchrist’s home and that
it had been pawned on the 18th of November, more than a month before
the murder. However, the police were still convinced that Slater had committed
the crime and made plans to have Slater arrested when he arrived in New York. The
Lusitania docked in New York on January the 2nd 1909 and Oscar Slater
was arrested by New York police and placed in a cell in Tombs prison. Slater’s
picture was published in the Glasgow papers, and suddenly a host of witnesses
emerged claiming to have seen such a man in the vicinity of Marion Gilchrist’s
house on the night of the murder, perhaps hoping to claim the £200 reward that
had recently been offered for information in the case. The matter of the wrong
brooch appeared to have been entirely forgotten.
Glasgow police decided to send their three witnesses, Mr
Adams, Nellie Lambie, and Mary Barton to New York to identify the suspect,
despite the fact that Mr Adams claimed he had not been wearing his spectacles
when he saw the man in the lobby, Nellie telling two detectives that she would
not be able to identify the man she saw in the lobby, and the man Mary Barton
claimed to have seen in West Princes Street obviously not being Oscar Slater.
However by the time the group set sail for New York, after being examined by
police for a fortnight, the two girls’ descriptions mysteriously tallied. At
trial Nellie and Mary both claimed to have shouted ‘That’s the man!’ on seeing
Slater but a New York detective who was also present claimed that had asked him
‘is that the man?’ while pointing at Slater appeared to have never seen him
before.
Nevertheless, the police, the public, and the press were
convinced that Slater was the murderer. When it was found out that Slater would
be arriving on aboard the Columbia coming up the river Clyde, immense crowds
flocked to the riverside. The detectives were so concerned that Slater would be
lynched on his return that they had him removed from the ship at Renfrew and
then driven into Glasgow by car, as he was being lead from the ship one crew
member rushed forward and kicked Slater.
The trial of Oscar Slater was fixed to start on Monday May 3rd
in Edinburgh. In the witness box Nellie Lambie and Mary Barton were once again
positive that Slater was the man that they had seen on the night of the murder.
Adams was still doubtful and a dozen more people testified to having seen
Slater that night but who only came forward after they had seen Slater’s
photograph in the paper. No mention was made of how Slater would have known
Miss Gilchrist or how he would have gained entry to the apartment when Marion
was so scared on burglars. The Lord advocate described slater as ‘gasping for
money’ but on the very day of the murder Slater had raised £30 on the pawned
brooch and had money in his accounts. For the defence, lawyer Mr McClure quoted
the case of Adolf Beck. Ten women in London swore that Beck was the man who had
stolen jewellery from them on various occasions. Two policemen also identified
him. Beck was sent to prison for seven years. In actual fact the criminal was a
man named Smith who did not look at all like Beck. Mr McClure asked the jury to
be very careful in accepting the identification evidence in the Slater case.
At 4.55pm the jury retired to consider their verdict and
returned one hour ten minutes later. They found Oscar Slater guilty of the murder.
Slater protested: ‘You are convicting an innocent man!’ Oscar Slater was
sentenced to be hanged on Thursday May 27th and a shaken Slater was
led out of the court room.
Two days before the date of the hanging Slater’s sentence
was commuted to penal servitude for life. The bewildered Slater then set about
trying to solve a murder he didn’t commit from his cell. He seized upon the
idea that a sweetheart of Nellie Lambie called Nugent was the murderer,
although Nugent had been completely cleared by the police. He wrote rambling
letters to his lawyer suggesting that a private detective be engaged to look
into the case on his behalf and even asked that posters be published in various
towns asking for any information that may help catch the real murderer.
Meanwhile many pundits including Sir Arthur Conan Doyle criticised
the guilty verdict and the weak evidence against Slater. In August 1912 the
famous creator of Sherlock Holmes published a booklet entitled The Case of
Oscar Slater, where he suggested that some document, such as a will, and not
the jewels, was the real object of the murderer’s quest and that the brooch, if
in fact it had been stolen, was only a red herring. Conan Doyle was not the
only person taking an active interest in the case, a Glasgow policeman named
John Thomson Trench was also re-examining the evidence. Trench had been
involved in the case from the very beginning and claimed that on the very night
of the murder Nellie Lambie had named the man she saw in the landing and that
it was not Oscar Slater, but after the clue of the pawned brooch this
identification was dropped in favour of pursuing Slater as the murderer. Trench
was firmly convinced that Slater had been wrongly accused.
In the winter of 1912 Trench was brought in on a murder in
Broughty-Ferry which bore strikingly similarities to the murder of Marion
Gilchrist (this murder is covered more fully in a previous entry). Miss Jean
Milne, an elderly, wealthy woman living alone much like Marion Gilchrist was
brutally murdered in her home with a poker. Although there was a great deal of
money and jewellery in the house nothing appeared to have been stolen and there
were no signs of forced entry. Eventually a Canadian man named Charles Warner
was arrested for the crime but he had an alibi for the night of the murder and
was released, the murder remains unsolved to this day. Could the perpetrator of
this crime also be responsible for the murder of Marion Gilchrist?
Due to the persistence of Trench an enquiry was opening
concerning Oscar Slater’s verdict. In this enquiry Trench stated that Nellie
Lambie had, immediately following the murder, repeatedly referred to a Mr ‘A.B’
as being the man she saw in the lobby, and argued that Mary Barrowman’s sighting
of Slater near the flat was false as she was not near Marion Gilchrist’s home
at the time, dismissing it as ‘a cock-and-bull story of a young girl who was somewhat
late in getting home and who wished to take the edge off by a little sensationalism.’
He also argued that the box of Runaway brand matches that were found in the
flat were not available by the box but only by bulk, and none were found in
Slater’s house.
For his efforts in clearing Slater Trench was dismissed from
the Glasgow police and died only a few years later. The outbreak of war in 1914
seemed to end any hope for Oscar Slater, as one of his friends noted ‘who was
going to bother about a German Jew in 1914.’ Oscar Slater was finally released
from Peterhead in 1927 after serving 19 years for a murder he almost certainly
did not commit. He later married, settled in Ayr and died in 1948.